In the beginning introduction, the social networking sites (SNSs), like MySpace, Facebook, Cyworld, and Bebo have attracted millions of users. Even SNSs have applied and become part of everyday life prektek human. SNSs also supports their interests. SNSs Originally created to preserve the relationship between individuals which has been stranded. Some sites also aims at linking between individuals who do not know each other, but have similar views and interests, as in political terms. There SNSs that serve audiences with different characteristics, some are serving an audience of common identity, such as language, racial, sexual, religious, or nationality.
Currently SNSs vary in ability as a means of communication and exchange the latest information, such as mobile connectivity, blogging, and photo / video sharing. The experts from various fields of many researching SNSs to understand practice, implications, and the culture of SNSs itself.

Definition of Social Networking Sites
We define social network sites as web-based service that allows individuals to: build relationships with other people who restricted a system, knowing the other user’s network, and expand connections through other users.
Unique social networking sites and popular not because it allows individuals to meet and establish communication with strangers, but because of its ability to open the social network for everyone. In some big SNSs, users do not need to look for people to expand the network, but they can directly communicate with people who have become part of an extensive network.
SNSs vary greatly in terms of features. Some SNSs already have the ability to instant message and share photos or video. We have SNSs dedicated to mobile, but also web-based SNSs supports access through mobile phones, such as Facebook, MySpace, and Cyworld.
After joining an SNS, an individual will be asked to fill out a form that contains a series of questions to view the profile. The question usually includes a description, such as age, location, interests, “about me”, etc.. Most sites also allow users to upload a profile picture and modify the profiles by adding multimedia content. Visibility profiles between various SNSs also varies by site and user considerations. Even today there SNSs for dogs (Dogster) and cats (Catster), whose profile is governed by the owner of the animal.

History of Social Networking Sites
AIM and ICQ buddy lists supported lists People, even people that’s not visible to others. Classmates.com allow people to join the school or college and surf the network for others who are also related, but users can not create a profile or list Friends until years later. SixDegrees was the first to incorporate these features. SixDegrees promoted itself as a tool to help people connect with and send messages to other people. While interested SixDegrees millions of users, it failed to become a sustainable business and, in 2000, the service closed.
Social networking site first became known and was launched in 1997. Beginning with the emergence SixDegrees.com that allows users to create profiles, friends list, and developed in 1998 with the ability to browse a list of friends.
Followed by the emergence of AIM and ICQ buddy who has a feature list of friends but can not be seen by other users. Next comes Classmate.com that facilitate people to join the school or college and explore the network with other users in the school. However, users can not create a profile or list of friends until a year later. Following a Live Journal which was created in 1999. In the end SixDegrees incorporate those features and be the first site that combines features of several SNSs at the time. However, SixDegrees failed to attract audiences and finally closed in 2000. Failure SixDegrees attract audiences associated with user complaints due to feature a bit so not much can be done after you approve a friend. In addition, most users when it is not so interested in meeting with a stranger. Subsequently in 2001, technological developments began to support various combinations of profiles.
Cyworld started in 1999 and adding SNS features in 2001. Later web community LunarStorm Sweden introduced himself as the SNS in 2000, contains a feature list of friends, guestbooks, and diary pages. The next wave began when SNSs Ryze.com was launched in 2001 to help people establish and utilize their business network. Ryze.com first introduced to the San Francisco business and technology community, including businessmen and investors SNSs.
In particular, the people behind Ryze, Tribe.net, LinkedIn, and Friendster, and other SNSs interwoven personally and professionally. They believe that they can support each other without competing (Festa, 2003).

Privacy
Current issues related to developing social networking sites are a threat to user privacy SNSs. Researchers have investigated the potential threats to privacy associated with SNSs. In one academic study on privacy and SNSs, Gross and Acquisti (2005) analyze and describe the potential threats to privacy through Facebook profiles containing personal information. As the possibility to reconstruct personal identity, such as hometown and date of birth. Barnes (2006) describe the “privacy paradox” that occurs when teens do not realize the public nature of the Internet.
However, survey data show that teens realize the potential privacy threats in SNSs and many are proactively taking steps to minimize risk. Pew found that 55% of teens who have profiles SNSs, 66% of them to set their profiles to not be visible to all Internet users (Lenhart & Madden, 2007). And the teenager who opened their profile for all Internet users, 46% of them are false personal information.
SNSs also challenged the legal concepts of privacy. Hodge (2006) argues that the fourth amendment to the U.S. Constitution and legal decisions about privacy are not equipped with privacy regulations in the social networking site.

Gary Krug. (2005). Communication Technology and Cultural Change, Sage Publication. London

Technology and information are two things that run balanced in its development. As technology evolved, information was also developed. This occurs as the use of technology as a means of disseminating information. The speed of technology development and dissemination of information like a double-edged sword. On the one hand, this development can be a positive thing in bringing insight and enhance one’s ability in using technology as a means to disseminate useful information. On the other hand, this development can be negative when technology is used to disseminate information that is not supposed to.

Maybe we are not directly aware of what has changed in the world we live in today. Changes are periodically world secretly been “poisoned” our lifestyle and sometimes fatal if not matched by actions and thoughts of the appropriate and wise. This change only can we see a whole when we open again the previous sheet on the history of human life periodically and then compare it to life today.

The views and philosophies of life role models were also influenced by the emergence of new technologies. Have we ever heard of atheists? According to the definition in Wikipedia Indonesia, said that atheism is a philosophical outlook that does not believe in the existence of God and the gods or the rejection of theism. This happens with the line did not reveal the concrete proof of the existence of God and followers of these people are more likely to side with what is “seen by naked eye” and of course the development of technologies that penetrated into one of their idol to uphold humanitarian values​​, rather than the divine.

Today, most of mankind has been under the control of technology, rather than who holds the reins of control over all of it. We can see that young people today often ignores the existence of togetherness with the family, but chose to remain lost in intimacy play video games on cutting-edge technology tools they have. And the most sad again is the issue of pornography that constantly spread through network technology that qualified. All these issues should be our collective responsibility to build a better society.

It was said at the beginning of the paragraph that the truth will never be a simple matter. This would have been nice if explained in advance what is causing this (reason). After my review of some works of other writers, the truth is quite complicated, depending on how the viewpoints and thinking (mindset) of people who receive it. One of the factors that contribute to determine the limits of truth is the technology, in this case more specifically the mass media. For example, I will raise issues that often arise Lumpur Lapindo and drowned as the subject of mass media. Most of the mass media and the concerns expressed about the sense of community resentment against the attitude of PT Lapindo Brantas, which is considered not responsible. As a layman, the news would easily be considered as true and then may be compelled to perform various actions associated with the anarchist “truth” that he was holding it.

It is inevitable that it is very difficult to determine the measuring instrument or standard to a statement for later regarded as the real truth. Now the virtual world and the technology was capable of being the source of truth that are considered “true.” Need to pull an important thread of the article Gary Krug was that technology was derived from military life needs to access the truth quickly and precisely. Memex is a pioneer product in disseminating information about the truth in 1918. Truth be right every time they get the information from the Memex device, because that can access only certain people only. This makes the user does not feel suspicious of the theft of “truth” of the data. Let us compare with the current era, where statements and important documents from various government agencies can easily spread to the community (unfolding) in the presence sharing sites such as Wikileaks. And of course, as members of society in this modern era, we should be able to criticize whether this information is the right thing or even custom made information to obtain instant sensation from the public?

I quite agree with the statement from Gary that in cultures that are very modern, we are still not able to resolve a contradiction (a difference of opinion), especially in thinking about social life. Too much information circulating on the internet actually makes chaotic world of education, especially the children who still have not categorized as an adult because most of the information circulating is included in the pornographic content. How the State and the public to respond? Of course this requires awareness of all parties that pornography will be overcome during comprehension and thinking (information processing) in every member of society is positive, not driven by mere lust.

Joseph Turow. Media Today : An Introduction To Mass Communications. 3^rd Edition – Part Five : Advertising and Public Relations

In this book, Joseph Turrow explained that the media has spawned the development of new technology to the mass media, namely the mass media in the world of advertising and public relations.

Mass communication is a process in which media organizations create and disseminate a message to the audience a lot of (public). These media organizations will disseminate the messages that will influence and reflect the culture of a society, then this information will they present simultaneously in widely diverse audience. This makes the media become part of one powerful institution in society. In future communications, mass media into a single authority to select, produce a message, and deliver it to audiences.

Advertising is an attempt to introduce a product / service to the public / consumer in order to market or sell. Where advertising is one of the stages in the marketing strategy plays a very important and vital. Advertising must be more than just provide information to the public but must be able to persuade people to behave in such a manner in accordance with the company’s marketing strategy in order to print sales / profit.

While public relations is the management of special functions that help build and maintain a joint communication, understanding, support, and cooperation between organizations and the public, involving management issues, assist management to identify and respond to public opinion, to explain and emphasize the responsibility of management to serve the public interest, help management to stay abreast of and effectively utilize change, useful as early warning system to help anticipate trends, and using sound research and proper technique in communication as the main tool.

In my opinion, both advertising and public relations each has a central role in mass communication.

Advertising helps people to promote their products to the masses. These can be either advertising in mass media such as print media, or electronic media. In my opinion, the scope of coverage of advertising in influencing the larger mass, because the spread of information to various audiences simultaneously mass. Just as when we make a television advertisement in electronic media. When we created the ad began airing, then the entire television audience simultaneously and with a wide range of information or product to find out what we want to convey. Similarly, the use of print media.

Planners must understand the advertising messages reach, frequency and impact of each of the major media before deciding to choose which media they will use. There are a number of factors to consider in selecting the media, the media habits of target customers, product properties that are relevant to the selected media, the type of messages (messages with different types often require different media), and cost.

Effective advertising messages effectively determine whether the ad was launched and received satisfactory responses from the audience. Reality shows, most television viewers for example, decided to change the channel when ads are shown. So marketers need to be observant to choose and determine your advertising message is delivered. Ads that are presented should be a treat imaginative, interactive, entertaining and useful.

While I think public relations has its own role in mass communication. Public relations can be either messenger speeches, sermons, or so forth. Public relations to communicate the message or information directly to the public. This is the great challenge of a public relations, where he should be able to create the precise words that can influence people (audience) as well as in the same time.

Public relations is one part of one same breath in the organization, and must give the identity of the organization with appropriate and correct and be able to communicate so that the public have confidence and have a clear and correct understanding of the organization. In short we can say that the function of public relations is to maintain, mengembangtumbuhkan, keep the communication reciprocity required in handling, fix any problems, or minimize the problem.

Advertising and public relations in my opinion basically have the same goal in general, namely to influence the target audience will be a message to be conveyed. Both are equally effective. The difference is, if the audience of advertising could not provide direct feedback, while the public relations may get it.

Convergence Culture : Where Old Media and New Media Collide. New York University Press. Chapter 4 : Quentin Tarantino’s Star Wars ? Grassroots Creativity Meets the Media Industry

In the book convergence culture: Where old media and new media Collide Henry Jenkins’s work is, in the fourth chapter discusses the Quentin Tarantino ‘star wars? Grassroots creativity meets the media industry. I mean what I catch is the movie star wars this is one form of human creativity merger with the media industry. And the film is in the forecast since the beginning of the film entertainment industry’s future. Year 2003 atomfilms create a contest for the fans and the response from the community is extraordinary, until the web theforce.net.
Fan always adapt new media technologies, their fascination with the world of fiction often inspires them to create new forms of production, until now digital cinema. Fans are most active segment of the public media. Websites, contributing in this medium because the web can be one container distribution for beginners who want to learn or enter this world or start a business in this world.

We can learn a lot or take a lesson from the company’s previous game on the chance of success such as Manga, Sims, the world of online gaming in seeing, hearing, modification or disruption combines collaboration, inspiration, creativity.
Star wars is one form of digital cinema and media convergence.
digital cinema as an extension of the practice of film making, opens new space for experimental artists to a broader public than can be interested in screening their work at film festivals, museums, or university. According to another opinion, digital cinema as a potential new sites for commercial development, an extension of the logic of media convergence, a sort of MTV for the 21st century. In this vision, filmmakers like Steven Spielberg or Tim Burton, to produce works that are shorter and more risky, emerging talent to develop their production capabilities.
if we maintain a strong defense and effective principle of “fair use,” only if we recognize the rights of consumers to participate fully, actively, and creatively in their own culture, and only if we keep in check the desire to tighten control of the culture industry their intellectual property they own in response to the economic opportunities posed by the era of media convergence. Currently, we are at issue between the new economic and legal culture that encourages monopoly power over cultural mythologies and new technologies that empower consumers to archive, annotate, appropriate, and re-circulate the pictures the media. Legal dispute recently about Napster is the only battle in what may be a decade long war over intellectual property, a war that not only will determine the future direction of digital cinema, but the nature of creative expression in the 21st century.

This film can be said to have a very long history, evidenced by the many episodes of this film played in cinemas is not inferior to other famous films such as Harry Potter, Fast and Furious, Mission Impossible, and many other examples. Although the release period between episodes, one with the other episodes are not spelled out briefly in theaters, but audiences who have become fans willing to wait for release of further episodes. And the response generated from the release of each episode is fairly satisfactorily meet the expectations of the producer.

The film also has distinctive features and unique characteristics that interest the audience to continue watching. Action film genre fiction drama and it pertained to attract the audience to enjoy and love the various features provided, so that indirectly the audience makes the film as one of their culture. Various kinds of products related to Star Wars, from the many displayed by the shops. Starting from his DVD, stickers, posters, replica model of character, toy laser swords, and various other types anymore.

The things that have been mentioned previously that’s a possibility, media convergence. With the convergence of these media, there was a merger between the various media-related, which automatically gave birth to cultural convergence / convergence culture because so many different values ​​can be conveyed through the media. Unlike the folk culture which is a process of cultural inheritance from one generation to the next generation, combining several kinds of cultural convergence culture prevailing in the society into a dominant culture that is in the community. In addition there is mass culture, the prevailing culture and held in a media environment. So the mass culture associated with popular culture who responded to mass culture. What is sought by the public in general will move the media to create mass culture, and when it was in the hands of society itself then it turned into a culture of mass culture. For instance someone who admires a television show and was inspired to write his own stories about these characters is that mass culture into popular culture.

Another thing to consider and quite interesting for me is the impact provided by this film to his fans. Often people assume that a movie only to provide entertainment or fun. But for some people it turns out movies like Star Wars can make the inspiration and encouragement for them to work. What I say is based on the number of people who have become writers or movie producers in Hollywood. At first they only develop the Star Wars movies, which is their favorite films and creating alternative stories that are still associated with Star Wars. Or there is also what makes the stories and figures to present some similar features like in the movie Star Wars. Through events like this, in fact indirectly they have tried to display the works and their expertise. And sometimes, one of the many works of people who try to make these stories to attract the attention of renowned film critic and producer. That’s how their career can only truly begin. Whether there are parties who want to finance projects they do, or there are parties who want to rent his services to create stories in their films.

Convergence itself there must be negative and positive impacts, which showed rapid technological developments, but also change the relationship that exists between technology, industry, market, lifestyle, and audiences. Convergence changing patterns of production and consumption relations. In countries like the United States, a decline in print media customers and increase internet subscribers.

So it can be concluded that media convergence is the impact of technological developments that continue to grow dynamically. However, media convergence is very dangerous in the field of culture, because the speed of information received by the public can backfire, where such information could be a boomerang that can erode the culture of a nation. convergence must be T, that is talent, tolerant and technology so as not to cause negative impact and successful in preserving culture as national identity

The New Communication Technology: Applications, Policy, and Impact, Fifth Edition, Focal Press

Chapter 17

Someone once said that if the world was narrow. In fact it is true that the world could exist in
grasp our hands. All that can be realized through the Internet network. Early electronic information resources is teletext magazines that shaped graphics and text with one-way information access and video text system oriented graph, its operation is very interactive with two-way information access. And in fact, the system. This is not well developed. After this era passed, came the internet which is present as a means of world communication  without restrictions of time and place. The Internet is a decentralized network of computers where no one can arrange it but everyone can develop them.
WWW is a collection of protocols and standards for accessing information in the internet with three. The main standards: the Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and HyperText Markup Language (HTML). The three possible mechanisms for accessing or appearance information. HTML is  WWW programming language, such as sign <br> means moving to a new line, while the URL is system address location of documents are, for example http://tamasyakuliner.blogspot.com/. We can surf the web with a browser, including Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Maxthon, Opera, and most recently Google Chrome. We also can find any information you want through a search engine, just mention Yahoo, MSN, or Google. Internet Commerce (E-commerce) to grow and expand as it grows
internet usage and computer access as a window of the world. Gains derived from e-commerce is
real-time prices and comparative comfort in shopping can also browse and buy in
houses, shipping or receiving goods directly, to share opinions and experiences about the product sold, as well as allowing the purchase of certain products. In the E-commerce, there are two types of sites that use the informational, and dynamic. Informational site contains information and location of the company, products offered, and  the basic technology used to order products while dynamic sites, providing special offers search based on the goods by the user. Factors that influence the development of the Internet is Web interface allows users with a known earlier, the existence of real-time interaction so that
Opera-users can view footage of live update and download information according to which sought, almost everyone is able to create HTML-based documents with Java as a programming language, have a concept of the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) that allows the user entered into the zone generated by the computer, and the Web successfully promote the growth of electronic cottage industry and  is an ideal platform for the world of advertising. On the other hand, when you access the Internet, there is often a disturbance even the virus originated from a third party. Therefore we need a security system, called a firewall. we can go online any time or even 24 hours nonstop, and our privacy can also be disturbed, therefore we can use the service Anonymously browse the internet to protect our identity. Basically, Internet will continue to grow as interest is an urgent need for information and communication systems. Internet
has provided to our various facilities for research, launching new products, and exchange information. With the rapid development, it is necessary also faster communication channels as well. Improvement these capabilities make us able to communicate more quickly with a diverse variety of data. It is important to see the Internet as a convergence of communications and technology companies, including telephone, satellite, and cable industries.

August E Grant & Jennifer H Meadows. (2008). Communication Technology Update and Fundamental. 11^th Edition. Focal Press. Boston.

Chapter 18

Technology development is now inevitable, one of the proof is in the presence of media convergence. Convergence of media is the unification or merger of a variety of media and communication technologies. Media convergence is the integration of multiple media functions into a single media. This makes the collapse of the wall of separation between various technologies and applications of communication and information, so that between one and the other technology can not be distinguished anymore. Convergence appears driven by user needs to be some function of technology. The functions initially at the different media, because this drive then dihasilkanlah blend of some of these functions into one media only. This is where convergence occurs.
Convergence relates to the world of digitalization. Any information developed from analog format into digital format. What is digital? Digital technology related to the internet, therefore allowing the merger of media convergence of traditional telecommunications with the Internet as well. Compared to analog, digital has several advantages such as process information more quickly, not easily distracted by external disturbances such as weather and building, and modern look. The convergence of technology that began when it was discovered the telephone, television and the computer then this technology combined with internet technology is finally growing without limit. The phenomenon of media convergence is the presence of a variety of media that combine the new communication technologies with traditional communication technology. There are so many examples of media convergence today, here I lay out some examples:
Digital television, multichannel television / cable television. It is the people not only watch television from the television. Convergence between computers and television, where we can watch TV via the computer. Not only that, even television can be watched via a mobile phone. This proves the convergence of the media makes things become practical in the media, just imagine now we can watch TV anytime and can be taken anywhere via mobile phone without having to sit still watching television at home. Computers are not only used to access information and process data information only, but has grown in the presence of Internet access and broadcast television. In my opinion, the convergence of media to change the paradigm of people on television, I used to think that television is just great shape, box, has the antenna inside and outside. But developments make my paradigm change that television has a variety of forms, ranging from television in a small cell phone, television on the computer until a large LCD screen television. There is also a cable television from the convergence between television and telephone, which allows users to choose their own preferred broadcast and broadcast requests through the telephone service provided.

Hanphone / phone. Convergence of media occurs also on the phone. We do not use the phone only for communication but there are other functions. We have a lot of media services in the mobile phone, which is not limited to SMS and phone. Camera images, videos, music or mp3, television, radio, 3G, Internet access even in a media phone. This is clearly easier and profitable mobile phone users in performing various activities. Users do not need to buy a camera that photographs are expensive, but can take pictures using the phone.

Television online. Is the television over the internet where this technology is the merging of television and Internet media. People are now able to watch television via the internet. In Indonesia alone televisionline examples are like those of the www.metrotvnews.com Metro TV and SCTV is www.liputan6.com.

IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) television is the result of the convergence of broadcast television, cable television, internet access and phone services delivered using Internet protocol over broadband networks (August E. Grant & Jennifer H. Meadows, 2008: 113). IPTV is an interactive television that describes the convergence of television with digital media technologies such as computers, personal video recorders, mobile phones and devices, which allows the user interactivity. This interactive program concepts in the form of interactive quizzes, audience participation, the final selection of drama, and order a product or home shopping.

The presence of the internet to prove the convergence of media. Enough with the media computers we have access to various information, read the letter / e-mail, watch television, listen to music, radio, banking services, speaking via video (Skype), and call. Well, I myself was surprised by the development of this sophisticated technology.
IPad is one form of advanced technology development. IPad is the product of the convergence of phone and computer. The combination of two media produces a sophisticated and modern media where IPad presents a variety of services available on the phone or on the computer including internet access.

Talking about the implications (consequences, impact, or influence) of course a lot of media convergence. Media convergence have positive and negative implications. Positive implications:
– Convergence of media to enrich the widespread information about the entire world because there is internet access.
– Provides many options to the user community to be able to select the desired information according to taste, for example, it is interactive television and multichannel television where users choose their own preferred programming. So the use of convergence technologies become more personal.
– More easy, practical and efficient. No need to have two media when the media was able to have one course with two functions.
– The emergence of the democratization of information where everyone can access information freely and widely in various ways and forms.
– In the economic implications, the convergence effect on the company and communications technology industry because of changing attitudes bisins. The advantage gained from the convergence of media is very profitable and promote the company. In addition, easy access to industry and company information to make easier and faster to anticipate challenges, new needs of consumers as well as competition tightens.
– In the field of work, obviously in today’s types of work related to technology and enthusiasts loved by many people like things that smell of IT or information systems, in my opinion this is a strong evidence of technology in human life.
– People get information faster. For example, readers of online news simply by clicking on the desired information in the computer then the moment that information was revealed.
– Interactive. Communities can provide direct feedback on the information presented. Convergent Media raises new characters are more interactive, where users can communicate directly and obtain a direct consequence of the message (Severin and Tankard, 2001: 370).
– Convergence of media provides a radically new opportunities in the handling, supply, distribution and processing of all forms of visual information, audio, data, etc. (Preston, 2001: 27).
Convergence of media is also not free from negative implications, namely:
– Changes in people’s lifestyles that become addicted to technology (cybermedia and cybersociety). The existence of technological dependence in which all things become very practical and automatic. I think that practical technology is good for speed and ease, but this could also be bad if we do not wise to use it, why? Due to the practical we tend to be a “lazy” where everything you automatically will accelerate the loss of jobs because human work can be replaced with sophisticated technology.

– The emergence of the digital / virtual community. Advances in technology convergence that has developed close the gap and shorten the time. Distance and time are not a problem anymore, for example you in Europe with me in Asia can communicate with each other on the spot via the Internet or other media without the need to meet in person. This gives rise to virtual communities where direct communication is face to face is not attractive anymore. My opinion is reinforced in the book entitled Handbook of new media: social shaping and social consequences of ICTs, it is said that media convergence degree massivitas cause mass decreases, because the more personal and interactive communication (Lievrouw and Livingstone, 2006: 164).
– The print media / traditional media / conventional media began to lose with modern media / new media / online media.
– The growing social gaps.
The existence of positive and negative impacts of media convergence in the end lead to new challenges, namely:
– The decline of print media, where traditional media or conventional left behind so that the traditional press was replaced by the press online. In digital media journalists free to update information directly with the convergence of technology, resulting in decreased function of editors in the press. Community through digital media to find out the news in real time or at the time of the events took place, this is different from the print media who have to wait for the next day for news can be disseminated. Examples of convergence in this case as www.detik.com and www.lintasberita.com. In addition the government also are benefitting from this convergence of technology by opening the Internet page for publication information. Thus this becomes a challenge the conventional mass media so as not to keep up with digital media and management must develop preaching becomes more rapid, accurate, complete, and be immediately accessible to people around the world.

– Reduced social interaction directly causes ineffective communication. This is a challenge of the negative impact of media convergence where face to face from not interested anymore, people are more likely to prefer to communicate through the media. The result is the loss of social presencesehingga ineffective communication. Why is not effective? because they do not see and feel the direct facial expressions and body language that eventually the other person will actually arise misunderstanding the message. For example, now people prefer to speak via phone than in person, consequently the greater the risk of misunderstanding.
– The emergence of a growing social inequality is a challenge for media convergence. First-class differences in social class influenced by economic factors, education, etc., but in the digital future is now, social class differences more clearly visible because it is influenced by one’s ability to access information. For example, people in urban areas with living in rural differences in access to technology, where the society in the city faster and easier access to technology than in rural areas.
– Another challenge is the media convergence readiness of society to avoid cultural schock. Technological developments such as media convergence is a new and sophisticated for the people, but sometimes some people are not ready with this technology innovation well prepared economically and in knowledge. Therefore, firms that provide this technology should really think about the readiness of the community with something new, be as smart as possible to adapt this technology to the public. Another challenge is the cultural background and habits of community technology. The perpetrators must be able to adjust the convergence media convergence technology this media with cultures that exist in society.
– The next challenge is the convergence with the regulations (regulation). In this regard the government as the regulator fully responsible for creating regulations to protect the public from the negative influence of media and regulate freedom of media convergence in order to remain on the limit. This is required to avoid collision of adverse interests of the parties where usually the user / society that are victims of convergence.
Regulations relating to how far the right of people to use / access to media convergence and how far the distribution of media convergence can be reached by the public. Convergent media content also must be accounted for in accordance with prevailing norms and ethics in society. It was clear in 2011 is not stopped growing technological development. The years went forward technological developments occur, human knowledge is growing day by day which eventually resulted in creative innovation and continuous technological advances. Convergence of media is testament to the dynamic world that is always changing. Developments will indeed produce a modern society and especially with media convergence, but need to be underlined that the progress that there must also be accompanied by regulations that govern, why? Because the regulation was almost out of technological development. Do not let the massive progress that sophisticated to be too free, so do not consider and pay attention to socio-cultural values​​, moral values ​​and ethics in society. Keep in mind also that the technology only helps facilitate community activities, does not mean become second nature to technology dependence. For example because there are convergent media, so people tend to be “lazy” and very practical. Therefore we must be smart and judicious in using it and be careful not to get caught up in this case.

(“The Cable and Telephone Industries and Your Home”. Page 209)

Ancient times, we often played with homemade phone using tin cans and string. And it turns out even though we are in different places and far away, but we still can hear the voices of others. And this is the thread that distribute our sound. And from this simple experiment that inspired people to make the cable. fiber optic cable has become a very important base (proverbial backbone of the creature “Vertebrates“) in information systems and digital entertainment world.

It says clearly that the fiber optic cable has become a very important base (proverbial backbone of the creature “Vertebrates”) in information systems and digital entertainment world. This I see as one of the impact of the discovery of the cable itself, which is a faster data transfer and large capacity at a time at once. Proverbial simple experiment we have done in the elementary school level, where we connect the two metal cans with a rope (yarn) which resulted in performance as a phone. In a simple experiment, it can be proved that sound can travel through the threads in a short period. Threads that we regard as the basic form of cable, especially fiber optic cables (fiber optic, which follows I will briefly “FOR”), it’s just different in terms of material and specific performance.

Video On Demand
Explained that the “Video On Demand” (hereinafter I quickly became the “VOD” only) is part of the company’s goals of communication in which they tried to give full powers to the audience in selecting the various programs that exist. This is when associated with mass communication theory, certainly more in line with current theory, the “Uses and Gratification Theory” (Theory of Benefit and Gratuity) and otherwise is very contradictory if we associate with the theory of mass communication in the past such as “hypodermic Needle Theory “(Theory Needle Injection). Here I will explain a little about the close relationship between VOD and the theory of Benefit and Gratuity that. Benefits and Gratification Theory (Blumer and McQuail. 1969) focuses on the background of why someone watching a program, what are the benefits for the audience itself and how the media can provide a variety of programs that can be selected in accordance with the needs of the audience itself. Association is that VOD is truly a real example of the application of the theory by the communication company itself in giving satisfaction to the audience.
A concrete example is the website and other simple Indowebster (http://www.indowebster.com/) which has been transformed into film and video library that can be accessed for free and paid (depending on how fast the download service is desirable). This website offers services to enjoy a variety of videos that we want to watch, according to the request.
If we compare with our lives before the VOD, it can be reviewed that there has been enormous progress in this technological era. I still remember very well when first I want to watch the series “Meteor Garden” (circa 2002) at the television station, if I’m late to set the television channel in accordance with the schedule, then I would risk losing a few scenes from the series. Unlike today, where I no longer need to worry about going to skip a few scenes from the series I’m watching, because within the reach of the Internet itself, spread out so many of the video series and of course can be accessed whenever and wherever we are.
Responding to the discussion in the book MAM (Michael, MA Mirabito & Barbara L. Morgenstern) is also, I strongly agree that the interests of individuals are particularly preferred in connection with the creation of the concept of VOD was compared with the interest groups (in general). VOD was created to satisfy individual interests in accessing and viewing the desired video, not because of the interest group. In other words, the approach adopted in popularizing this VOD is a personal approach (individual).

Qube
There is one more that is interesting in that MAM book discussion, explained that the Qube is the origin of the creation of the concept of granting full control to the audience to decide what they watch. In my opinion, Qube has been introduced in the era of the 1970s really is a tangible proof of a miracle “discovery of a cable” that allows people to broadcast a message and simultaneously conducted a survey (by way of giving the question that was broadcast on Qube it and give five alternate answer choices, and if the audience has choose their answers then the total number of answers will be automatically tabulated in the computer control). Qube is truly a pioneer of interactive media are credited with giving comfort to our technology to date.
Bearing these two things (VOD and Qube) in the world of marketing is that they apply the pay-per-viewing system (pay per view) in which the company benefits from any provider chosen by a spectator spectacle. Their purpose is very clear, namely to get as much profit from the impressions they provide.

IMPLICATIONS
Authors MAM book says that the real implications of the discovery of the cable to the provision of facilities such as VOD and Qube is the convergence between media inter-related (such as television and the Internet), allowing only need a communications company that provides all the services of impressions.
But the thing I question is why the authors argue that until now has not missed a player who is behind all this potential (“… potential players, the Key Issues That must be addressed, and the questions That are, as of this writing, still unanswered “page 211). Yet according to the opinions and views of me personally, it can be seen that the potential players that play an important role in this regard is the “Production House” / PH where those who become part of the TV we produce and greatly affect the performance of VOD because it depends on the quality and extent tayangannya The show’s popularity among the public, such as The CW TV (PH at the same time a very popular television station in America, producing a variety of popular series is also among the people, especially teenagers) who introduced the series “GossipGirl” (GG), which in turn is very famous in eyes of the public so that The CW TV finally opened the official website for the public can also enjoy the series without a time-bound schedule konvesionalnya aired on television stations. And automatically, VOD is also working properly.
At the end of the discussion of this paper, I want to emphasize that it’s possible in the future we will no longer require companies to accommodate our desire to call, watch, and also access the internet. Things might just be under the control of a single giant company are able to provide all facilities in the same period. Surely the world will feel increasingly cramped and fully integrated.

The conclusion that I can drag here is that it is true that cable is very influential invention of our lives. Technology today has given the ease with which very many thanks to the discovery of the cable. We can get video show that we want (as well as information in other forms) whenever and wherever we are as long as we are still connected to the Internet channel.
I am very open to constructive criticism and suggestions from you in order to improve the writing of papers in the future. I believe that all criticism and suggestions that come will be a mirror for me to further explore ourselves and continue to clean up in terms of quality. A few papers I’ve created this response. Thank you.

Raissa Christie

03PDO

1301034144

Pirate Bay founders sent to prison

The Pirate Bay four have been sentenced to a year in prison by a Swedish court after they were found guilty of assisting copyright infringement.

The blogosphere was sent into a flutter after Peter Sunde, a member of the team behind the notorious file-sharing website, revealed on Twitter that the Pirates been found guilty.

The verdict was later confirmed, along with the sentence of one year each in prison and damages of 30 million Swedish kroner (about £2.5 million), which will be paid to film studios and record labels.

The quartet – Peter Sunde, Fredrik Neij, Gottfrid Svartholm and Carl Lundström – had been charged with ‘assisting in making copyright content available’. The court rejected their argument that the site did not itself host any pirated content.

The four are expected to appeal against the verdict.

Pirate Bay currently has around 22 million global users, and is one of the world’s most popular BitTorrent websites. Its founders say that it can’t be forcibly closed because it runs from multiple servers around the world.

The site incurred the wrath of the Motion Picture Association of America, among other film industry organisations, who accused the website of damaging their businesses.

Pirate Bay has been banned in Italy and Denmark, and Sweden, the website’s home country, filed a lawsuit against the company in January 2008.

Hopefully the music industry will cotton onto the fact that people are not willing to pay vastly over inflated prices for a disc with a few songs on. Perhaps if they were not so focused on lining their own pockets the industry would have a little more sympathy from their demographic.

I agree that industrys are charging to much for film and music, but they can’t exactly charge noting- thats the point of the media industrys, any industry to make money. Downloading things is illligal & wrong, and they do deserve to be punished.

Desperate clutches at control from a dying industry. The media industries in general have lined so many pockets that none want to see it go but the changes in society and technology have rendered the base business model all but obsolete. 50 years ago nothing like our modern media industries existed, and in 50 years time the same will be true. Who knows maybe by then these guys will be seen as pioneers. It’s sad to see that these guys are having to take the brunt of the backlash as things change but it was fairly inevitable.

The whole court order is against the principle of the internet – linking is WRONG? The fundamental misunderstanding also lies between the concept of search engines and pirate search engines. Comparisons, that pop into my head are Google itself, Youtube, Digg’s news, etc. Furthermore, the courts understanding/prosecutors accusations, varied from one extreme to another based on the lack of knowledge about TPB – tried as a company, but not as a company, certain accusations suitable for a company (and none other), some not. Half the time, the prosecution and the court did not even know what they were doing. All in all, like Sunde said — it was a theatre. With all the political (financial?) pressure, it was expected that TPB would get a guilty verdict – however, the punishment was a surprise. Appeals for the win.